中英文中長句子該如何翻譯較好？

在閱讀與翻譯科技文獻時，如何分析和翻譯長句，有時是很棘手的。下面譯雅馨深圳翻譯公司結(jié)合一個實例，談點粗淺體會。

The specification of Patent No. 1,012,052 describes and claims a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material having a lead zirconate -- lead titanate -- lead stannate composition falling within the area A B C E F of the triaxial diagram 1d of the drawings accompanying this specification and containing at least one substitutional additive ingredient selected from the group consisting of elements having respective ionic radii sufficiently close to the ionic radius of one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen to permit of substitution, and a valence state differing from that of said one element by less than three units, the aggregate quantity of additive ingredient amounting amounting to from 0.1 to 5 percent of the replaced ion on an atom basis, each additive ingredient present in said material being in ionic form and substituting for a finite percentage of the ions of a particular one of the elements lead, tin, titanium, zirconium and oxygen with respect to which it conforms with regard to ionic radius and valence state, said additive ingredient replacing a quantity of said elements having in the aggregate an equal number of valence units.

    面對這樣一種長句，首先應弄清楚句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，搞清楚各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系。要按先易后難的原則，把易于識別，判斷的部分（主語、謂語）先予以解決。最后解決一時拿不準的部分。這些部分如同數(shù)學中的未知數(shù)X, Y, Z，通過已知條件和邏輯判斷也不難解決。

    在長句中，修飾成分很多，常出現(xiàn)大量的從句、分詞短語、不定式短語以及同等成分等。而and連接的同等成分，尤其是遠距離的同等成分，更需特別注意。

    本句由兩個簡單句構(gòu)成，一個主句，另一個是定語從句。定語從句由 with respect to開始至全句結(jié)束。句中有介詞33個，現(xiàn)在分詞12個，過去分詞6個，動詞不定式1個，形容詞短語2個，連接詞and 7個。下面分析一下句中的某些較難的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

1. ceramic material有一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語定語
2. having respective ionic radii中的having 有兩個并列賓語，一個是這里的radii，另一個是距離較遠的and a valence state.
3. 此句有三個分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。它們是：a) the aggregate quantity... amounting to from ...; b) each additive ingredient... being in ionic form and substituting for...; c) said additive ingredient... having in the aggregate...

    經(jīng)過認真分析，對句子有了透徹理解之后，便可著手翻譯。在翻譯中，可調(diào)動各種翻譯技巧，如增減、變換、拆句等。要做到既忠于原文，又不拘泥于原文的形式，使表達盡可能合乎漢語習慣，下面具體作些介紹。

    主句中的describes and claims用減詞法譯為一個詞“介紹”即可概括其意義。a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material可通過減詞和變換法譯為“多晶陶瓷介質(zhì)材料”。英語慣用長句，而漢語則少用長句，因此在翻譯中要善于拆句。拆句的方法之一是將長的定語譯為漢語的謂語，同被修飾語一起構(gòu)成一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，如下面的兩個分詞短語falling within the area...和containing at least one substitutional...原來都是作定語修飾composition的，經(jīng)過拆句處理可將其譯成漢語的謂語，與composition構(gòu)成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，而分別譯成“其組成在說明書上附圖ld三元相圖中處于A B C E F區(qū)域”和“該組成至少還含有一種置換添加物”。
 

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