英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力易犯幾點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤

語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力的提高絕非一朝一夕的事，只有平時(shí)多練習(xí)，留心英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式,才能寫出地道的英語(yǔ)。

要使語(yǔ)言流暢,表達(dá)淸楚,首先應(yīng)該做到表達(dá)正確、不犯語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。另外,記住一些常用的詞組和句型可以作應(yīng)考之用。譯雅馨翻譯公司從以下三個(gè)問題談?wù)摚阂追傅逆N誤、過渡性詞語(yǔ)和常用的句型。

一、易犯的錯(cuò)誤

在各種各樣的錯(cuò)誤中，除了粗心大意外.很多是由于缺乏牢固的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。下面歸納出幾種典型的錯(cuò)誤，目的是引起注意，確保自己不犯這些錯(cuò)誤。

1.句子不完整

從句獨(dú)立使用時(shí)就是不完整的句子,因?yàn)閺木浔仨毢椭骶渫瑫r(shí)使用。由連詞引導(dǎo)的句子只能作從句。例如：

Because she is an easy-going girl. Unless he works hard.

兩個(gè)句子都缺少主句，因此是不完整的,可以改為： Because she is an easy-going girUeveryone likes hcr. Unless he works hardthe won't pass the exam. ' 缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子同樣也不完整。例如： For example»to listen to music or to see films.可改為： For example ,we like to listen to music or to see films.

2.隨意更換

同一個(gè)句子中應(yīng)該保持同一種語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)態(tài)，正確使用時(shí)態(tài)和指代。違背了這一點(diǎn)，就叫作隨意更換。例如：

Heat the soup for ten minutes,then you remove it from the oven.(祈使語(yǔ)氣—陳述語(yǔ)氣）

She changed the bulb;then the light was turned on.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)"-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

We are living in buildings which migrant workers had built.(現(xiàn)在時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)〉

Work hard and study hard when we are young.(第二人稱——第一人稱）

After an athlete finishes long-distance running,they should cool down.(單數(shù)——復(fù)數(shù)）

3.主謂不一致

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要與主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。有時(shí)，由于主i吾與謂語(yǔ)相隔較遠(yuǎn),或由于主 語(yǔ)的待殊形式，或由于主語(yǔ)后面的附加成分，會(huì)造成判斷錯(cuò)誤•關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)參閱本書第五部 分廣辨錯(cuò)與改錯(cuò)”的第三節(jié).

需要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)原則.先看三個(gè)例句：

The parents or Ginny have go ne to the muséum.

Neither the teacher nor the students was prepared.

The mother together with her children were waiting.

這三個(gè)都是病句。前兩句違反了“就近原則”，第三句違反了“不變?cè)瓌t”。

(1) 就近原則

用 or’nor,either...or,neither... nor,not... but.not only... but(also)連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞與最近的主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。病句應(yīng)改為：

The parents or Ginny has gone to the muséum. Neither the teacher nor the students were prepared.

(2) 不變?cè)瓌t

由短語(yǔ) together with,in addition to，as well as.along with,accompanied by 等連接的主 語(yǔ)，不影響原來主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如：

The mother together with her children is waiting. Students»accompanied by their teacher,were having a game.

4.垂懸修飾語(yǔ)

修飾語(yǔ)是修飾句子中的某一戌分的，可以由分詞、不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句等充當(dāng).但是,當(dāng)被 修飾的成分拫本不存在時(shí),這個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)躭變成了垂懸修飾語(yǔ)。例如： Looking out from the window»the scene was fantastic.

這個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該修飾某個(gè)人的,但句中并沒有這一成分,因此分詞短語(yǔ)就成了垂懸修飾 語(yǔ).可改為：

Looking out from the window,he found the scene was fantastic.或 When he looked out from the window.the scene was fantastic. 類似的病句還有：

To pass the exam,these exercises must be done. At the âge of three,his mother left the city. 應(yīng)改為：

To pass thç exam,he/you must do these exercises. When he was three years old,his mother left the city.